9/4/2023 0 Comments Ires sequences![]() Highly inclined thin illumination enables clear single-molecule imaging in cells. Mechanism of puromycin action: fate of ribosomes after release of nascent protein chains from polysomes. Glass beads load macromolecules into living cells. Translational efficiency of EMCV IRES in bicistronic vectors is dependent upon IRES sequence and gene location. 40S recruitment in the absence of eIF4G/4A by EMCV IRES refines the model for translation initiation on the archetype of type II IRESs. Dynamics of translation of single mRNA molecules in vivo. High-performance probes for light and electron microscopy. Real-time quantification of single RNA translation dynamics in living cells. IRES interaction with translation initiation factors: Functional characterization of novel RNA contacts with eIF3, eIF4B, and eIF4GII. Translational control of viral gene expression in eukaryotes. The sequence context of the initiation codon in the encephalomyocarditis virus leader modulates efficiency of internal translation initiation. Cell type specificity and structural determinants of IRES activity from the 5’ leaders of different HIV-1 transcripts. Toward a systematic understanding of translational regulatory elements in human and viruses. Regulation of host cell translation by viruses and effects on cell function. Regulation of translation initiation in eukaryotes: mechanisms and biological targets. Regulation of internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation by phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α. Loss of stress response as a consequence of viral infection: implications for disease and therapy. The unfolded protein response: controlling cell fate decisions under ER stress and beyond. IRES-dependent translational control during virus-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Translational control in stress and apoptosis. in Viral Replication (ed Rosas-Acosta, G.) Ch. The activity of the HIV-1 IRES is stimulated by oxidative stress and controlled by a negative regulatory element. Relevance of RNA structure for the activity of picornavirus IRES elements. Toward a structural understanding of IRES RNA function. Viral IRES RNA structures and ribosome interactions. A new framework for understanding IRES-mediated translation. Translation Initiation by Viral Internal Ribosome Entry Sites. Non-canonical translation in RNA viruses. Two internal ribosome entry sites mediate the translation of p53 isoforms. C-Myc 5′ untranslated region contains an internal ribosome entry segment. RNA regulons in Hox 5′ UTRs confer ribosome specificity to gene regulation. Translational induction of VEGF internal ribosome entry site elements during the early response to ischemic stress. The mechanism of eukaryotic translation initiation and principles of its regulation. Collectively, our data support a model for translational regulation primarily driven by transitions between translationally active and inactive RNA states. We show that bursts of IRES translation are shorter and rarer than bursts of cap translation, although the situation reverses upon stress. Using the sensor together with single-molecule tracking and computational modeling, we measured the kinetics of cap-dependent versus IRES-mediated translation in living human cells. When combined with a pair of complementary probes that bind the epitopes cotranslationally, the biosensor lights up in different colors depending on which ORF is translated. Here, we developed a bicistronic biosensor encoding distinct repeat epitopes in two open reading frames (ORFs), one translated from the 5′ cap, and the other from the encephalomyocarditis virus IRES. Although they are well-studied in bulk, the dynamics of IRES-mediated translation remain unexplored at the single-molecule level. Viruses use internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) to hijack host ribosomes and promote cap-independent translation. ![]()
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